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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150>Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">华清远见 底板: FS4412_DEV_V5 核心板: FS4412 V2</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150>u-boot</td>        <td align="left">2013.01</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考方向  </td><td align="center">参考原文</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">---</td><td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">--- <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr></table>
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<h1 id="一、模块传参"><a href="#一、模块传参" class="headerlink" title="一、模块传参"></a><font size=3>一、模块传参</font></h1><p>还记得<code>main</code>函数有两个参数吗，我们在执行可执行文件的时候，可以直接在命令行向可执行程序传递参数，那模块呢？是没有<code>main</code>函数的，我们动态加载模块的时候想要给它传递参数怎么办呢？</p>
<h2 id="1-module-param"><a href="#1-module-param" class="headerlink" title="1. module_param()"></a><font size=3>1. <code>module_param()</code></font></h2><h3 id="1-1-函数说明"><a href="#1-1-函数说明" class="headerlink" title="1.1 函数说明"></a><font size=3>1.1 函数说明</font></h3><p>我们可以通过以下命令来查看在<code>linux</code>源码中含有该函数的文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">grep module_param -r -n ~/5linux/linux-3.14include/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>经过查找，我们可以得到如下信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 需包含的头文件 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/moduleparam.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 函数声明 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> module_param(name, type, perm)                          \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">         module_param_named(name, name, type, perm)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>【函数说明】</strong>该函数，严格来说应该是一个宏，它将指定的全局变量设置成模块参数。</p>
<p><strong>【函数参数】</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>name</code>：全局变量名。</li>
<li><code>type</code>：变量类型，<code>c</code>中的变量类型与<code>.ko</code>模块函数使用的类型符号对应关系如下：</li>
</ul>
<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看对应关系 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="center">函数使用符号</td><td align="center">实际类型</td><td align="center">传参方式</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">bool</td><td align="left">bool </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=0 或 1</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">invbool </td><td align="left">bool </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=0 或 1</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">charp</td><td align="left">char * </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名="字符串内容"</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">short</td><td align="left">short </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=数值</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">int</td><td align="left">int </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=数值</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">long</td><td align="left">long </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=数值</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">ushort</td><td align="left">unsigned short</td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=数值</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">uint</td><td align="left">unsigned int </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=数值</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">ulong</td><td align="left">unsigned long </td><td align="left">insmod xxx.ko  变量名=数值 </td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<ul>
<li><code>perm</code>：给对应文件 <code>/sys/module/name/parameters/变量名</code> 指定操作权限。</li>
</ul>
<p>模块插入成功后，模块的变量都会在<code>/sys/module/name/parameters/</code>目录下生成一个以变量名为名称的文件，我们使用模块参数的话，需要给这些文件指定一个权限，我们一般会设置为<code>0664</code>。</p>
<p><strong>【返回值】</strong><code>none</code>。</p>
<p><strong>【使用格式】</strong>一般情况下基本使用格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 需要包含的头文件 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/moduleparam.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 至少应该有的语句 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> gx = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">char</span> *gstr = <span class="string">&quot;fanhua&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">module_param(gx, <span class="type">int</span>, <span class="number">0664</span>);</span><br><span class="line">module_param(gstr, charp, <span class="number">0664</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>【注意事项】</strong><code>none</code></p>
<h3 id="1-2-使用实例"><a href="#1-2-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="1.2 使用实例"></a><font size=3>1.2 使用实例</font></h3><p>暂无</p>
<h2 id="2-module-param-array"><a href="#2-module-param-array" class="headerlink" title="2. module_param_array()"></a><font size=3>2. <code>module_param_array()</code></font></h2><h3 id="2-1-函数说明"><a href="#2-1-函数说明" class="headerlink" title="2.1 函数说明"></a><font size=3>2.1 函数说明</font></h3><p>我们可以通过以下命令来查看在<code>linux</code>源码中含有该函数的文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">grep module_param_array -r -n ~/5linux/linux-3.14include/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>经过查找，我们可以得到如下信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 需包含的头文件 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/moduleparam.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 函数声明 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">define</span> module_param_array(name, type, nump, perm)              \</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">         module_param_array_named(name, name, type, nump, perm)</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>【函数说明】</strong>该函数，严格来说应该是一个宏，它将指定的全局变量设置成模块参数。</p>
<p><strong>【函数参数】</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>name</code>：全局变量名。</li>
<li><code>type</code>：指数组中元素的类型，<code>c</code>中的变量类型与<code>.ko</code>模块函数使用的类型符号对应关系如下：</li>
</ul>
<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看对应关系 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="center">使用符号</td><td align="center">实际类型</td><td align="center">传参方式</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">bool</td><td align="left">bool</td><td align="left" rowspan=9>数组名=元素值0,元素值1,...元素值num-1</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">invbool</td><td align="left">bool</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">charp</td><td align="left">char *</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">short</td><td align="left">short</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">int</td><td align="left">int</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">long</td><td align="left">long</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">ushort</td><td align="left">unsigned short</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">uint</td><td align="left">unsigned int</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">ulong</td><td align="left">unsigned long</td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<ul>
<li><code>&amp;num</code>：存放数组大小变量的地址，可以填<code>NULL</code>（确保传参个数不越界）。</li>
<li><code>perm</code>：给对应文件 <code>/sys/module/name/parameters/变量名</code> 指定操作权限。</li>
</ul>
<p>模块插入成功后，模块的变量都会在<code>/sys/module/name/parameters/</code>目录下生成一个以变量名为名称的文件，我们使用模块参数的话，需要给这些文件指定一个权限，我们一般会设置为<code>0664</code>。</p>
<p><strong>【返回值】</strong><code>none</code>。</p>
<p><strong>【使用格式】</strong>一般情况下基本使用格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 需要包含的头文件 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/moduleparam.h&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 至少应该有的语句 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> garr[<span class="number">5</span>] = &#123;<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">module_param_array(garr, <span class="type">int</span>, <span class="literal">NULL</span>, <span class="number">0664</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><strong>【注意事项】</strong><code>none</code></p>
<h2 id="3-MODULE-PARAM-DESC"><a href="#3-MODULE-PARAM-DESC" class="headerlink" title="3. MODULE_PARAM_DESC"></a><font size=3>3. <code>MODULE_PARAM_DESC</code></font></h2><p>我们可以使用<code>MODULE_PARAM_DESC</code>宏对每个参数进行作用描述，一般格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">MODULE_PARM_DESC(变量名,字符串常量);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>其中字符串常量的内容用来描述对应参数的作用，查看的时候可以用以下命令查看：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">modinfo module_name.ko</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-使用实例"><a href="#4-使用实例" class="headerlink" title="4. 使用实例"></a><font size=3>4. 使用实例</font></h2><details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看实例 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <figure class="highlight c"><figcaption><span>test.c</span></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/module.h&gt;</span>   <span class="comment">/* MODULE_LICENSE */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/kernel.h&gt;</span>   <span class="comment">/* printk */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">#<span class="keyword">include</span> <span class="string">&lt;linux/init.h&gt;</span>     <span class="comment">/* module_init module_exit */</span></span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> gx = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">char</span> *gstr = <span class="string">&quot;fanhua&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> garr[<span class="number">5</span>] = &#123;<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">module_param(gx, <span class="type">int</span>, <span class="number">0664</span>);</span><br><span class="line">module_param(gstr, charp, <span class="number">0664</span>);</span><br><span class="line">module_param_array(garr, <span class="type">int</span>, <span class="literal">NULL</span>, <span class="number">0664</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 模块入口函数 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> __init <span class="title function_">test_param_init</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">/* code */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">int</span> i = <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;gx = %d\n&quot;</span>, gx);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;gstr = %s\n&quot;</span>, gstr);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="number">0</span>; i &lt; <span class="number">5</span>; i++)</span><br><span class="line">    &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        printk(<span class="string">&quot;%d &quot;</span>, garr[i]);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;[INFO]This module is loaded!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 模块出口函数 */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">void</span> __exit <span class="title function_">test_param_exit</span><span class="params">(<span class="type">void</span>)</span></span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    printk(<span class="string">&quot;[INFO]This module is exited!\n&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 将上面两个函数指定为驱动的入口和出口函数 */</span></span><br><span class="line">module_init(test_param_init);</span><br><span class="line">module_exit(test_param_exit);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/* 模块信息(通过 modinfo test_param 查看) */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_LICENSE(<span class="string">&quot;GPL&quot;</span>);               <span class="comment">/* 源码的许可证协议 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_AUTHOR(<span class="string">&quot;qidaink&quot;</span>);            <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块作者说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_DESCRIPTION(<span class="string">&quot;Description&quot;</span>);   <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块功能说明 */</span></span><br><span class="line">MODULE_ALIAS(<span class="string">&quot;module&#x27;s other name&quot;</span>); <span class="comment">/* 字符串常量内容为模块别名 */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>动态加载的时候使用以下命令加载：</p><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">insmod &lt;module_name&gt;.ko gx=20 gstr=&quot;qidaink&quot; garr=6,7,8,9,10</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="二、模块依赖"><a href="#二、模块依赖" class="headerlink" title="二、模块依赖"></a><font size=3>二、模块依赖</font></h1><p>内核模块的代码与其它内核代码共用统一的运行环境，也就是说模块只是存在形式上独立，运行上其实和内核其它源码是一个整体，它们隶属于同一个程序，因此一个模块或内核其它部分源码应该可以使用另一个模块的一些全局特性。</p>
<h2 id="1-导出符号"><a href="#1-导出符号" class="headerlink" title="1. 导出符号"></a><font size=3>1. 导出符号</font></h2><p>一个模块中这些可以被其它地方使用的名称被称为<strong>导出符号</strong>，所有导出符号被填在同一个表中这个表被称为<strong>符号表</strong>。最常用的可导出全局特性为全局变量和函数 。</p>
<h2 id="2-查看符号表"><a href="#2-查看符号表" class="headerlink" title="2. 查看符号表"></a><font size=3>2. 查看符号表</font></h2><p>我们可以通过<code>nm</code>命令查看<code>elf</code>格式的可执行文件或目标文件中包含的符号表，一般格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">nm 文件名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们可以使用<code>man nm</code>命令来查看符号表中各个符号前边的字母的含义。</p>
<h2 id="3-符号导出与使用"><a href="#3-符号导出与使用" class="headerlink" title="3. 符号导出与使用"></a><font size=3>3. 符号导出与使用</font></h2><p>我们在模块<code>B</code>中要用到模块<code>A</code>中的全局变量的话，需要这样来操作：</p>
<ul>
<li>模块<code>A</code>中：导出模块<code>B</code>所需要的全局变量符号；</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块A</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="type">int</span> gx_a = <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line">EXPORT_SYMBOL(gx_a);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>模块<code>B</code>中：先对模块<code>A</code>导出的符号进行<code>extern</code>声明，然后才可以使用。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 模块B</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">extern</span> <span class="type">int</span> gx_a;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>Linux</code>为我们提供了两个宏，用于导出全局变量符号：</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">EXPORT_SYMBOL(函数名或全局变量名);</span><br><span class="line">EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(函数名或全局变量名);   <span class="comment">/* 需要GPL许可证协议验证 */</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="4-依赖关系"><a href="#4-依赖关系" class="headerlink" title="4. 依赖关系"></a><font size=3>4. 依赖关系</font></h2><p>像上边所说，<code>B</code>模块使用了<code>A</code>模块导出的符号，此时称<code>B</code>模块依赖于<code>A</code>模块，则有：</p>
<ul>
<li>编译次序</li>
</ul>
<p>当两个模块源码<strong>在相同目录</strong>时：</p>
<p>（1）先编译需要导出符号的模块<code>A</code>;</p>
<p>（2）再编译使用符号的模块<code>B</code>.</p>
<p>当两个模块源码<strong>在不同目录</strong>时：</p>
<p>（1）先编译需要导出符号的模块<code>A</code>；</p>
<p>（2）拷贝<code>A</code>模块目录中生成的<code>Module.symvers</code>到<code>B</code>模块目录（否则编译<code>B</code>模块时会有符号未定义错误）；</p>
<p>（3）最后编译使用符号的模块<code>B</code>。</p>
<ul>
<li>加载次序</li>
</ul>
<p>先插入提供导出符号的<code>A</code>模块，再插入使用符号的<code>B</code>模块，否则<code>B</code>模块插入会失败。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">insmod A.ko # 先加载</span><br><span class="line">insmod B.ko # 再加载</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>卸载次序</li>
</ul>
<p>先卸载使用符号的<code>B</code>模块，再卸载提供导出符号的<code>A</code>模块，否则<code>A</code>模块卸载会失败。</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">rmmod B.ko # 先卸载</span><br><span class="line">rmmod A.ko # 再卸载</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


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